Infrastructure
Quantum Computing
Category
Infrastructure
Abstraction level
Paradigm
Operation level
System
Use cases
Simulating quantum systems and materialsCryptography and factoringOptimization and quantum machine learning
How it works
Information is stored in qubits that can be in superposition; quantum gates manipulate their amplitudes and entanglement creates correlations. Quantum algorithms are designed so that interference amplifies correct measurement outcomes.
Problem solved
How to solve problems computationally intractable for classical computers by exploiting quantum-mechanical properties?
Strengths & limitations
Strengths
✓Potential for exponential speedup on select problems
✓Natural simulation of quantum phenomena
Limitations
✗Early-stage; noise and decoherence
✗Need for error correction and many physical qubits
✗Advantage only for narrow problem classes