Unitree R1

Unitree R1 is a full-size bipedal humanoid robot developed by Unitree Robotics and unveiled on 25 July 2025. It is positioned as one of the most affordable full-size humanoid platforms on the market, with pricing starting at $5,900 for the R1 and $4,900 for the R1 AIR variant.

The robot stands about 123 cm tall (standing dimensions 1230 × 357 × 190 mm) and weighs roughly 27 kg (R1 AIR) or 29 kg (R1 and R1 EDU); some media reports cite ~25 kg. The standard R1 has 26 degrees of freedom (6 per leg, 5 per arm, 2 in the waist and 2 in the head), while the R1 AIR has 20 DOF. With dexterous hands added, the total can rise to 40 DOF.

The R1 is driven by low-inertia high-speed internal-rotor PMSM motors with dual and single encoders. It uses an 8-core high-performance processor (with an optional NVIDIA Orin module rated at 40–100 TOPS), a 4-microphone array and speaker, a camera (monocular on AIR, binocular on R1 and EDU), WiFi 6 and Bluetooth 5.2 connectivity, and a quick-release (hot-swap) lithium battery providing about one hour of runtime.

The R1 integrates a large multimodal model for voice interaction and image recognition and exposes open control interfaces for its joints and sensors. Launch footage showed running and acrobatic moves (cartwheels, handstands and boxing movements). The base version is remote-controlled, and full autonomy requires secondary development, supported on the R1 EDU variant. All versions receive OTA updates.