End effectors are a subcategory of components mounted at the tip of a manipulator or robot arm, responsible for directly executing the working task. This category includes grippers, robotic hands, assembly tools, suction cups, work modules, and other elements that make contact with the target object. The selection of an end effector depends on the application type, object geometry, required precision, and interaction force.

A gripper is a robot's end effector used to grasp and transfer objects. Depending on the design, it may employ mechanical jaws, vacuum suction, magnetism, or soft robotic elements. Grippers are used in automation, logistics, precision manipulation, packaging, and assembly. The choice of gripper depends on the geometry, weight, fragility, and material properties of the target object.